Stones in the Sky VII - Vadavamukha - God with the Horse's Head

Stones in the Sky - Part VII

Vadavamukha - God with the Horse's Head

Galactic Model of the Vedas

Sambor Prei Kuk, Cambodia

Photo credit: Guimet Museum - Paris, France - Subject: Vadavamukha - Hayagriva - Vajimukha
Gallery of Hayagriva, Vajimukha, Vadavamukha

By

Willard Van De Bogart

Click on images for larger view.


Vadavamukha - The God with the Horse's Head:

This is a preliminary introduction to researching Sambor Prei Kuk in Cambodia, a pre-Angkorean temple, which was a capital of the Khmer empire and called Isanapura. The ruling King during the beginning of Isanapura was King Mahendravarman. A statue of Vishnu with a horse's head was found at Sambor Prei Kuk by a team of archaeologists from the Guimet Museum in Paris, France and returned to that museum. It was the only statue of its kind found at Sambor Prei Kuk or at any other temple in Cambodia. This paper explores the resaon why a god with a horse's head was at Sambor Prei Kuk.

The first series of pictures are seals from the Harappan civilization in the Indus Valley located in western India circa 3500 to 5000BC, around the same time as the Sumerians of Mesopotamia, circa 4000BC, when their cuneiform script was flourishing. Why do I show these Harappan seals?

Harappan Seals

The seals have been interpreted by Clyde Winters1. Winters states,

"Siva was probably represented by the short horn bull. The principal Harappan gods are all depicted on the Harappan seals. The main god of the Harappans was the unicorn. The unicorn probably represented Maal (Vishnu or Kataval)."

One of these seals in particular shows a Harappan skeletal deity, as it has been identified and interpreted to be a horse named Dadhkravan.2

Harappan horse symbol

These names given to the seals are based on an old Dravidian etymology (history of linguistic forms) same root form as the script used by the Olmecs of Central America, a sub-Saharan tribal script. The name for buttermilk in Dravidian (language of the Harappans) is Dadhyanca and Dadhikravan; both are based on this script. These are very ancient beginnings of human ideas recorded after thousands of years of oral history.

However, this same script, which is interpreted as a horse is also interpreted to symbolize the constellation Draco.4 At a symposium at the RASI-2004 International Rock Art Congress, N.S. Valluran presented a paper on the Astronomical Implications of Rock Art in the Indus Valley. Valluran's presentation demonstrated that the Harappan script, which was identified as a skeletal deity also represented the constellation Draco. According to Valluran Alpha Draconis was 0.6 degress away from the heavely pole in 2780BC corresponding to the Indus Valley civilization. The "center line to the universe" could thus be the direction of the North Ecliptic Pole (NEP) and is read as "ah", according to Valluran, denoting the Draco constellation and the god Murukan or Lord Shiva. Studies have also shown how the name murku is a direct etomological descent from the Harappan skeletal deity. 2

Let me leave this information sit for a while, and lets move next to the International Space Station (ISS) during the time of a full solar eclipse. Why do I show a full solar eclipse? Because according to ancient Indian scriptures a full solar eclipse is considered to be in alignment with the center point of the earth, going directly to the moon, through the center of the sun and out into the universe. It is called "the central line of the universe".3 In India, this solar eclipse passes over a place called Kuruksetra. In Kuruksetra, India there is a temple called Nabh-Kamal, which is dedicated to the town of Kuruksetra, which is situated on this "central line to the universe". Kuruksetra is mentioned in the Sanskrit verse, "Kuruksetra mahapunyam rahu graste diwakare" meaning: one attains highest merit in Kuruksetra when Rahu (a demon [Daitya] who devours sun or moon, causing eclipses) takes over the sun. The collage shows a photograph of the shadow of a full solar eclipse on the earth taken from the International Space Station.

Collage showing Vadavamukha preparing to search for the Vedas - WVDB/06
Click on top half and bottom half of collage for larger view

legend for: "Center Line to the Universe"

1.  Upper left:  Milky Way Galaxy showing Sagittarius and Galactic center with Harappan script of horse next to the Dark Horse Nebula. Directional arrow of the "center line to the universe" is pointing to galactic center after passing through the moon and sun on a full solar eclipse.

2.  Upper right: Top of vadavamuka just under the Dark Horse Nubula.

3.  Center left:  Milky Way Galaxy showing Sagittarius the archer aim his arrow at galactic center.

4.  Center right:  View of the planet earth with the shadow of the full solar eclipse on the surface of the planet.

5.  Lower left:  Path of the full solar eclipse over India on July 22, 2009

6.  Lower right: Pilgrims at the holy tank (Sarovar) in Kuruksetra during a full solar eclipse on saturday May 31, 2003. The Rishi Dadichi used to pray to Shiva on the banks of this holy tank and offered the bones of his horse's head to Lord Indra for making a vajra to kill Britasur in the south pole (Vadaba-agni)

7.  Far lower right bottom: Head of a horse symbolizing the horse's head once on the Rishi Dadhyanca who gave the secret of Soma to the Ashvin twins.

Kuruksetra, India was the location of the Bharata war in 3022BC according to Virendra Sharma. In a study done by Virendra N. Sharma on astronomical references in the Mahabharta, the solar eclipses that were mentioned in the Mahabharata had been identified, and the date of the war was determined to be 3022BC.5 However, Dr. S. Balakrishna has also done extensive work on dating the Mahabharata war. Using the LodeStar Pro planetarium software he was able to calculate the "Thirteen Day" eclipse pair, which was visible over Kuruksetra in 3129BC just prior to the start of the war thus verifying the mentioning of these two solar eclipses in the Mahabharata.6 There has been much scholarship devoted to the dating of the Mahabharata war. Anand M. Sharan from the Memorial University of Newfoundland dates the Bharata war as taking place in 2056BC by using Swiss Software called Swiss Ephemeris.7 B.N. Narahara Achar from the University of Tennessee in Memphis, Tennessee dates the beginning of the Bharata war at 3067BC8To be certain these astronomical events mentioned for the great epic war took place somewhere around 3000BC. I will used the date of 3129BC established by Dr. Balakrishna.

New Kuruksetra was established at Vat Phu in Laos in 456AD by King Divanika. Almost 3500 years had passed before another Kuruksetra was mentioned anywhere as a place name i.e. New Kuruksetra in Laos. Was the same knowledge of this "center line to the universe" known by the early Khmer kings in Laos? If we believe that astronomical knowledge was known by the Brahmin priests who came to Laos, then it might be safe to say the knowledge of the solar eclipses was also known.

So what do we have so far?
We have a horse image on a seal called Dadhyanca whose name was derived from buttermilk or curd translated from the Dravidian script. We have a temple in Kuruksetra, India and an ancient city in Laos with the same name. We have a full solar eclipse, which is called the "center line to the universe". Now mind you, what I have told you so far is all factual. What I am doing is assembling several facts and then trying to draw some conclusions. Many of the facts, such as the Harappan deity was discovered by teams of archaeologists who are to this day still putting this ancient culture back together by interpreting small clay inscriptions found on ceramics. Some scholars, however, refute that the Harappans were communicating ideas with the markings on their seals; namely Dr. Farmer from Harvard University. But, for other scholars, human recorded history has been pushed back at least two to four thousand years as a result of finding this ancient city in the Indus Valley. A connection is being made between the Harrapan civilization and the ancient Indian culture. Surely there must of been some form of communication going on betweenn these ancient peoples and the Harappan seals with their markings seem like a likely candidate for that communication to have taken place.

Kuruksetra in India was made known through history because of the Vedic epic the Mahabharta, written by Vedavyaasa after the Bharata war, and is the oldest and longest epic in recorded history. Indologists (Indian scholars) have spent hundreds of years if not thousands deciphering the Sanskrit verses where today the complete Vedic scriptures have been translated. The ancient city of New Kuruksetra in Laos, which I have been studying, and which is currently being excavated by a team of archaeologists from Italy headed by Dr. Patrizia Zolese, will in all likelyhood reveal more of the influences India had on this ancient city.

So let's list the facts:

1. The horse deity of Harappa 4000BC or earlier.
2. The temple at Kuruksetra, India
3. The ancient city in Laos by the same name discovered to have originated in 456AD
4. Full solar eclipse over Kuruksetra, India

Back in Laos, at Vat Phu, I had the opportunity to visit the UNESCO holdings of sculptures to see Sanskrit inscriptions on stone bases, which once supported bulls. The bull is also seen on Harappan seals and also represents the constellation Taurus as well as Shiva's mount. But I digress.

One inscription in particular I saw in the UNESCO holding room was written by King Mahendravarman circa 650AD. A French epigraphist (someone who deciphers ancient script) by the name of Claude Jacques translated this Sanskrit and wrote an unpublished paper about the inscription. A copy of this paper was given to me by the director of the Vat Phu Museum. Claude Jacques made a verbal presentation of the paper in London in 1961. The translation indicates that King Mahendravarman left Vat Phu and then went to Cambodia to build his own temple called Sambor Prei Kuk (Temple of the Lord) in 650AD.

Next event.

In the early 20th century a French archaeology team from the Guimet Museum in Paris, France found a statue of a human with a horse head at the temple of Sambor Prei Kuk in Cambodia and took it back to the Guimet Museum in Paris. It was the only statue found like it at Sambor Prei Kuk. The god was interpreted to be Vishnu. I had found out about this statue because I was following the trail of the Khmer Kings who were at Vat Phu. When I looked up Sambor Prei Kuk on the google search engine a citation for the Guimet Museum appeared leading to a photograph of the statue displayed in the New Khmer collection at the museum. I already had historical documents on the temple itself, but no where was this horse head statue mentioned? I could find no history of the statue or how it came to be at Sambor Prei Kuk. The god with the horse's head turns out to be named Vadavamukha or Vajimukha. In appendix 19 of Hamlet'S Mill, written by Giorgio de Santillana and Hertha Von Dechend (1969), it states on page 394 that (vadaba-mukha, n. mare's mouth = entrance of hell at the south pole). The constellation Agastya-Canopus is mentioned as well as the deep sea that swallows up everything.9 What was one to make of all this? I finally discovered it was the horse that went into the universe to retrieve the stolen Vedas. So lets look at our list of facts at this point in the cosmic drama.

1. Horse head deity from Harappa.
2. Temple at Kuruksetra.
3. Ancient city in Laos.
4. Stone base with Sanskrit in Laos.
5. Temple Sambor Prei Kuk in Cambodia.
6. Vadavamukha statue found at Sambor Prei Kuk.
7. King Mahendravarman

Question No. 1.

How is it that a Khmer King in 650AD (King Mahendravarman) 3700 years after the Bharata war in India uses a statue of a human with a horse's head at his temple capital of Isanapura, which is the same image of the god mentioned in the Mahabharata (12.348) written after 3129BC?

Question No. 2

How is it possible that the Bharata war took place on the "central line to the universe"?
The Bharata war was fought on the plains of Kuru in India around 3129BC.

So, in trying to understand Vat Phu, in Champassak, Laos I happened to come across the research of Mark Long and Dr. Caesar Voute in Indonesia. In a paper titled, "In Pursuit of the Sacred Sciences", a decipherment of the Indian temple of Borobudur, in Yogogarta, Indonesia, I learned of the significance of the horse's head. Mark's work led me into the Reg Veda and the stars associated with the Ashvin twins, a pair of stars on the ecliptic (the path the sun, moon and earth follow) in the constellation of Aries. It was Mark Long's research with the Vedic scriptures that I also learned of a holy man (Rishi) whose name, as mentioned in the Vedic scriptures, was none other than Rishi Dadhyanca. It is told that the Rishi Dadhyanca revealed the secret knowledge of Soma (mead - madhuvidya) to these two Ashvin twins. It is mentioned in the Srimad Bhagavatam 6.9.52,10

"That saintly Dadhyanca, who is also known as Dadhici, personally assimilated the spiritual science and then delivered it to the Asvini-kumaras. It is siad that Dadhyanca gave them mantras through the head of a horse. Therefore the mantras are called Asvasira. After obtaining the mantras of spiritual science from Dadhici, the Asvini-kumaras became jivan-mukta, libertated even in this life."

Notice the mention of the name Dadhyanca? This observation alone was enough for me to have an epiphany (an illuminating discovery or a wondrous insight).

The Mahabharata was composed after 3129BC, and mentions a Rishi Dadhyanca. It's the same name the archaeologists gave to the deity on the clay ceramic found in Harappa circa 4000BC. The meaning of the translation of the script for this deity was buttermilk or curd or actually a drink made from mead (a fermented liquid made from water and honey, malt and yeast and cows milk). It is this drink that is referred to in the Vedic scriptures as Soma; the elixir of immortality. It is this drink that not only can give you immortality but also knowledge of the way into the universe with your soul.

My questions are:

1. Why does this horse head deity from 4000BC have the same name as the Rishi in the Mahabharata, which was written after 3129BC?
2. Why did King Mahendravarman have a horse head deity at his capital of Isanapura in Cambodia?
3. Why did the Bharata war take place on the "center line to the universe"?

Answers:

What has to be considered before answering the questions is a horse's head.

May I please draw your attention to two very powerful horses in the evening sky. The Dark Horse Nebula (also referred to as The Pipe Dark Nebula), and the half horse half human (centaur) Sagattarian archer. My attention is on the Dark Horse Nebula because the radio emissions are very strong from this region on the galactic plane near the center of the Milky Way Galaxy. This particular region is the site of energetic processes that boost particles to extreme energies and send synchotronic radiation spiraling through magnetic fields on their way to earth.

According to Mark Long's research the star Beta Arietis, in the constellation of Aries, is the junction star (yogatara) of the nakshatra (divisions of the month in Indian astronomy based on the moon orbiting the earth) called the "Horse's Head" (Ashvini). This star is the beginning of the 26,000 year precessional cycle and the encoding of this star with a horse head was a way to indicate the origins of a vast celestial cycle that impinges on humanities evolution. Borobodur is today in Yogogarta, Indonesia, the same name associated with the Horse's Head. This is the junction at the end of the 26,000 year cycle, and the beginning of the next new world age. The next world age is in Aquarius of which we are just entering having left Pices. Dadhyanca was the code name to use in the epic Mahabharata as a way of referring back to this celestial cycle indicated by the names on the Harappan seals, and as a way to honor Lord Shiva.

Answer No.1

The name Dadhyanca is the same name mentioned in the Mahabharata, written after 3129BC, as the name given to the Harappan seal dated 3500 - 4000BC or earlier and was considered to be the deity Siva. Lord Siva was lord of the animals (Pasupati). When Lord Siva manifested on earth his name was Pasupati.11 Pasupati was also found on an inscription at Sambor Prei Kuk dated 650AD. Lord Siva has been a powerful deity for well over 6000 years. His image can be seen coming from this pre-Harappan culture or perhaps not even coming from this earth as the Vedic scriptures indicate. To have an inscription stating that a Brahmin priest must have the name of Pasupati to do austerities at Sambor Prei Kuk in the 7th century AD is remarkable.12 It testifies to the history of Siva being kept alive for over 4700 years or more.

One of the most well know Harappan seals was identified by the archaeologist Sir John Marshal as Shiva Pashupati,13 the Yogic "Lord of Animals". With this seal there can be seen many animals surrounding the central figure. If we accept Marshall's interpretation, then Shiva was a central figure even in this Harappan civilization and is testimony to the awareness of Lord Shiva as a deity.

Harappan Seal showing Shiva Pasupati

To futher support the belief that Shiva was worshiped in Harappa there have been found other seals showing a deity in a yogic like position. This particular seal shows the yogi containing his energy to bring about a higher state of awareness. This type of Shiva-yoga later became known as Brahmacharya.14 The Harappan seal displaying this figure in a yogic position was interpreted to be Shiva and presented by Taraini J. Carr in Archaeology Online.15

Harappan seal showing a yogic position

Answer No. 2

The reason King Mahendravarman installed a horse head deity at Sambor Prei Kuk was to honor Vishnu who at the request of Brahma wanted Vishnu to save the universe from the Asura's (demons) who learned of the power of Soma (mead). Vishnu searched the earth for the decapitated head of a horse which was once on the body of the Rishi Dadhyanca. It was finally found in Lake Sayranyvant at Kuruksetra the same place that is on the "center line to the universe". Vishnu was trying to stabilize the next world age going from Aries into Pices. The head of the Horse was in the lead on the ecliptic to save the universe.

Answer No. 3

The Bharata war took place in 3129BC and was later encoded in the Mahabharata mentioning the positions of the stars and relating to the world that the pole star, the center of all existence, was changing from being in the constellation Draco to going into the constellation of Usa Minor. The world had to be saved because it was about to change. Krishna spoke to Arjuna and delivered the Reg Veda (song of God) so mankind would know the wisdom of the gods. The war was fought and the message has lasted for over 5000 years.

Lets review the parts again before there are too many in which to make sense of. It's like the "Glass Bead Game"16 played at Castalia in Hermann Hesse's famous novel by the same name, "The Glass Bead Game" (1943) where people would try to make meaningful connections between a vast array of seemingly disconnected subjects which would then be presented to the glass bead game players for approval. In Hesse's mind, along with his close friend Karl Jung, they knew the universe was whole and unified. So what I am doing is trying to find a meaningful connection between these parts because I believe their was knowledge about the universe that has since been lost but clues still remain. The knowledge was about the evolution of the human spirit and how the soul goes through a metamorphosis.17

So lets look at the parts one more time.

1. Horse head deity from Harappa
2. Temple at Kuruksetra, India situated on the "central line to the universe" during a full solar eclipse.
3. Ancient city in Laos also named Kuruksetra.
4. Sanskrit inscription in Laos by King Mahendravarman on a bull pedestal. (Taurus constellation - Shiva's mount)
5. Sambor Prei Kuk in Cambodia dedicated to Vadavamukha.
6. Name of Rishi Dadhyanca mentioned in the Mahabharata, same name as the translated name of the deity on a seal in Harappa (1000 - 3000 year separation in time.)

The horse head is not an easy subject to talk about because the myth involves some knowledge of the holy Hindu trinity (Trimurti) of Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. The myth of the horses head has been told, and retold so many times that only a hint of its real meaning may be known. The translations of the Vedic scriptures are all we have to decipher the message the ancient gods were trying to convey. The book shelves in libraries across the planet are filled with books on the Vedic gods. This is the oldest knowledge, and buried in all of it are the records of celestial events which caused these stories (Vedic epics) to be written in the first place. Draco, the dragon constellation, is written about with its key star Thuban, which used to be the pole star in 4000BC. This was around the same time as the Vedic scriptures were being composed. I had already been at the holy tank (baray) at Vat Phu. The northern baray at Vat Phu, where the sun rises on the summer solstice, testifies that astronomical alignments were incorporated into Vat Phu's architecture. King Mahendravarman would of known that when he was at Vat Phu in 600AD. At the holy tank in Kuruksetra, India, is where the discarded horse's head was found. The picture of Vadavamukha, which I have included on the front page, is shown with a crown because it is Lord Vishnu wearing the horse's head. On top of this horse's head, as is told in the Vedic scriptures, Vishnu placed the entire firmament on his head and it was the most effulgent sight to behold. Before Vishnu wore the horse's head the Rishi Dadhyanca wore it when he told the secret of Soma to the Ashvin twins. These twins are known as the celestial doctors. They begin the 26,000 year journey. But the secret was overheard by the Asuras (demons) and these demons used the knowledge to destroy the universe.

So, Vishnu wearing the horse's head, which was found in Lake Saryanavat (Brahamsar - holy tank) at Kuruksetra, gained the knowledge once held by Rishi Dadhyanca, as told to him by Indra, and set about on a course in the universe by flying through the galaxy and through the galactic south pole between Gemini and Taurus (source of the "submarine fire",18 - Vadaba-Agni), and the galactic north pole between Sagittarius and Scorpio. Vishnu flew to the nether world of demons and evil spirits, down the whirl pool of galactic existence in the south letting out a terrible whinny and retrieved the stolen Vedas, which were the codes of all existence for Brahma's four heads and eyes to see the universe. Vishnu followed the "center line to the universe", which was honored 3500 years later by King Mahendravarman at Sambor Prei Kuk where the inscriptions tell of a religious cult, which was devoted to Pasupati (Lord Shiva) Lord of the animals and Jaimini the astronomer sage.

So what we have here is a directional marker at Sambor Prei Kuk and Kuruksetra. On July 22, 2009 there will be a total solar eclipse that will be the longest total solar eclipse that will occur in the 21st century, and it will last more than 6 minutes. I have included the path of the 2009 solar eclipse as item No. 5 on the collage legend shown above. This solar eclipse will align itself over Varanasi, India and Nepal.

NASA annimation of eclipse

Over 900 million Hindus will be watching and praying to pay respects to the source of all knowledge and to Lord Shiva. This time the "center line to the universe" will point to the star Polaris in the constellation of Ursa Minor. Rahu will once again devour the sun. It should not be too difficult to interpret the positions of the heavenly bodies and then write the myth for our age. We know we are entering a new world age and the myths of the ancients tell of great battles that took place. These battles are symbolic of the new positions of the stars as the sun rises on the ecilptic with a new position of the equinoxes due to precession. According to Prash Trivedi, an expert in Joyotish (ancient Indian Astrology), Lord Shiva presides over the sign of Aquarius.19 The north node of the moon is ruled by Rahu. Rahu devours the sun during the full solar eclipse. How will all these cyclical relationships signal in the arrival of the Aquarian age? Can we of today see the unfoldment of our own myth?

The years of this celestial clock to attain the immortality of the soul are extremely intricate to follow. Why holy men spend their entire lives in deep meditation becomes understandable, as this life of Maya is an illusion and only temporary. This life is one degree of existence because it takes 72 years for the equinoxes to precess one degree, which is the average life span of a human in which to notice this secret of the heavens. As it turns out the Vedas are hymns and you have to chant the mantras that harmonize with the moments of radiation excitement coming from a particular place on the galactic plane. In 1976 in Aurobindo, India my paper titled, "Harmonic Neurons" was published in the journal World Union. Today this radiation is coming from the Dark Horse Nebula and the time is now to harmonize our neurons.

The Mahabharata has already been analyzed for all the celestial events that match the verses in the Vedic scriptures. The stars on the ecliptic (the path the sun, moon and earth follow) have also been read. So it is possible to know the direction of this "center line to the universe".

From December 21, 1998 (the date of my presentation on "Galactic Alignment" on Fraser Hill to the World Spiritual Foundation (WSF) in Malaysia) to December 21, 2022 is a window that is available to go through with our souls. This window to the universe opens 4 times every 26,000 years. But it's only once every 26,000 years it opens with the configuration of the horse head and Ashvins leading the way.

It is a window that has been opening and closing (letting in souls, and letting out souls) for aeons. It's called the gears of the precession of the equinoxes where the sun, moon and planets are all synchronized. It takes 26,000 years for one cycle to complete itself, and the distance from the center of the galaxy to our sun is 26,000 light years. The galactic alignment is more than a physical measurement or fact. It is a divine cosmological coincidence that the distance we are away from the center of the galaxy has the same ratio to the precession of the equinoxes to complete one cycle. (26,000 light years, 26,000 solar years) We are one and the same. We are entrained.

Many organisms rely on light sensitivity for procreation, and in the case of humans I'll add the birth of divination or divine understanding of our etheric body. This divination has the ability to reach a liminal state (sensitive threshold). The Tibetans spend weeks placing one grain of sand at a time while in a liminal state to create a visible yantra (geometrical pattern of the universe) and then immediately after it is created they blow it away. The ground plan for all the Hindu temples is based on cosmic numbers and cycles modeling the universe. The sounds of mantras are tonal sound explorations creating patterns of harmonization that are synchronized with the energy being emitted from the central place at galactic center. So, now the larger model of the earth, including the moon, sun, and galaxy, is in direct alignment for harmonization with humans which can aid in divination or a passage of sorts for thought to ride on the energy beams emitted from the area around galactic center where the archer is shooting his arrow, where the horse is galloping and where transformation is being born.

References:

1. Winters, clyde, "The Decipherment of Harappan Writing",
http://www.geocities.com/olmec982000/Indus.html?200616
retrieved June 24, 2006.

2. Murukan in the Indus Script.
http://www.varalaaru.com/Default.asp?articleid=194
retrieved June 24, 2006.

3. Dutt, K.G. "Divine Benediction at Kurukshetra", May 31, 2003, retrieved June 20, 2006, http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20030531/windows/main3.htm

4. Valluvan, N.S.,December 2, 2004,"Indus Graffiti as Rock Art and their Astronomical Implications",
retrieved June 25, 2006, http://murugan.org/research/valluvan.htm

5. Sharma, Virendra N.,"On Astronomical References in the Mahabharata", retrieved February 2006,
http://www.fox.uwc.edu/users/vsharma/pdf/ON%20ASTRONOMICAL%20REFERENCES%20IN%THE%20MAHABHARATA.pdf

6. Balakrishna, S., February 23, 2002, "Dating Mahabharata - Two Eclipses in Thirteen Daya", retrieved June 24, 2006
http://www.boloji.com/astro/00325.htm

7. Sharan, Anand M., August 10, 2003, " The Mahabharata War in 2056BC is Ancient Indian History",retrieved June 25, 2006
http://www.engr.mun.ca/~asharan/bihar/MBH2.htm

8. Achar, B.N. Narahari, "Mahabharata as the sheet-anchor of bharatiya itihasa", retrieved June 26, 2006,
http://www.hindunet.org/saraswati/colloquium/narahari01.htm

9. de Santillana, Giorgia, von Dechend, Hertha, "Hamlet's Mill", David R Godine publisher 1977, pg.394

10. Bhaktivedanta VedaBase: Srimad Bhagavatam 6.9.51, Canta 6: Prescribed Duties for Mankind, Chapter 9: Appearance of the Demon Vrtr,
http://vedabase.net/sb/6/9/51/en, retrieved June 19, 2006

11. Kramrisch, Stella, "The Presence of Siva", Chapter 1, The Primordial Scene,
Princeton University Press, 1981, pg. 10

12. Briggs, Lawrence Palmer, "The Ancient Khmer Empire", White Lotus Publisher, Bangkok, 1999, pg 51.

13. Marshall, Sir John, "Shiva as Lord of Beasts",
http://www.tantraworks.com/Ancient_Tantra.html#shiva, retrieved June 24, 2006

14.Shri Kumarswamiji's, H.H. Mahatapasvi, "Techniques for Opening the Third Eye", retrieved June 25, 2006
http://www.shivayoga.net/liteterature/shivayoga/historical-aspects-of-shivayoga.htm

15. Carr J, Tarini, "The Harappan Civilization", Archaeology OnLine,
http://www.archaeologyonline.net/artifacts/harappa-mohenjodara.html
retrieved June 24, 2006.

16.Van De Bogart, Willard, October 6, 1991, "Metamorphosis and Global harmony", retrieved June 26, 2006,
http://www.earthportals.com/Portal_Messenger/metamorp.html

17. Van De Bogart, Willard, 2003,"Webmagister Ludi and the Glass Bead Game", retrieved June 24, 2006
http://www.earthportals.com/glass.html

18. Manansala, Paul Kekai, A New Look at Vedic India", retrieved June 22, 2006
http://asiapacificuniverse.com/pkm/vedicindia.html,

19. Trivedi, Prash, 2000, ""A brief Introduction to Rahu - the North Node of the Moon', retrieved June 25, 2006,
http://www.osfa.org.uk/art-23.htm

June 20, 2006
Nakhon Sawan, Thailand


Other stories related to the Khmer Empire.

Stones in the Sky - Introduction

Part I - Stones in the Sky - Prelude to Pilgrimage

Part II - Stones in the Sky - The 2nd Entering of Cambodia - July 27, 2002

Part III Section #1 - Stones in the Sky - The secrets of Angkor Wat - March 2003.

Part III Section #2 - Stones in the Sky - The secrets of Angkor Wat - March 2003.

Part IV - Stones in the Sky - Journey to Preah Vihear - May 2004.

Part V - Stones in the Sky - Journey to Beng Mealea - October 2004.

Part VI - Stones in the Sky - Pilgrimages to Vat Phu - April 1-4, 2005, October 21-25, 2005

Part VI - Stones in the Sky - Pilgrimage to Lingaparvata (Linga Mountain, Champassak, Laos) - February 8-12, 2006

  • Stones in the Sky - Part VI - Directions to Lingaparvata (Linga Mountain, Champassak, Laos) Apsaras and Devatas - Photo documentation of female divinities at Angkor Wat.


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